Levomycetin: shelf life and storage conditions

Pharmacological actions

The main component of "Levomycetin" quickly affects both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and also effectively affects the following harmful microorganisms:

meningococcal infection (acute infectious disease of purulent meningitis, meningoencephalitis and meningococcemia with damage to various organs and systems);
dysentery (an infectious disease characterized by a syndrome of general infectious intoxication);
typhoid fever.

The drug effectively fights diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. The drug is useless against the following bacteria:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
acid-fast microorganisms;
clostridium;
protozoa.

When the drug is used externally, the concentration of the drug is focused in the iris, cornea, and vitreous body, while Levomycetin does not enter the lens. Chloramphenicol is most active against several groups of bacteria:

Gram-positive bacteria - staphylococci (a complex pathological process is manifested by the absence of any symptoms in the initial stages and severe intoxication and the development of purulent-inflammatory foci), streptococci (the cause of infection, causing scarlet fever, sore throat, abscesses, otitis media, rheumatism, pneumonia, sepsis).
Gram-negative bacteria - Neisseria (causes gonorrhea), E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella (causes dysentery), Klebsiella (causes acute intestinal pathologies), Yersinia, Proteus (diseases of the stomach and intestines, damage to the urinary tract, intestinal dysbiosis).

The active substance is instantly absorbed both when taken orally and rectally. The maximum concentration of the active component in the blood occurs after a few hours. Getting into the blood, organs and tissues, the drug also penetrates into mother's milk.

After absorption into the blood, chloramphenicol is evenly distributed throughout the body, the time for removing the drug from the body is from one and a half to three and a half hours.

Indications and contraindications for use

Absorption - 90% (fast and almost complete). Bioavailability - 80%. Communication with plasma proteins is 50–60%, in premature newborns - 32%.

Passes through the placental barrier, concentrations in the fetal blood serum can be 30–80% of the concentration in the maternal blood. Passes into breast milk. The main amount (90%) is metabolized in the liver. In the intestine, under the influence of intestinal bacteria, it is hydrolyzed to form inactive metabolites.

Be sure to look at the expiration dates and production date before purchasing and especially pouring liquid into your own engine.

There is some information about the development of bone marrow hypoplasia after the use of ophthalmic forms (systematic monitoring of the peripheral blood picture is necessary during treatment).

The active ingredient Levomycetin effectively affects many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as pathogens of meningococcal infection, purulent infections, dysentery, and typhoid fever.

Release form

Available in the form of tablets, powder, eye drops. The instructions for use of "Levomycetin" for children say that the medicine in tablets contains 0.5 and 0.25 grams of the active trace element. Additional components are:

octadecanoic acid;
calcium stearate;
starch.

"Levomycetin" in powder form contains 500 and 1000 milligrams of the active substance. Necessary for preparing injections.

One milliliter of eye drops contains 2.5 grams of chloramphenicol. The drug is dispensed in dropper bottles of five and ten milliliters.

Levomycetin (500 mg)

Tablets are white or white with a slight yellowish tint. On one side of the tablet there is a chamfer and a mark, on the other there is a chamfer and a corporate logo in the form of a cross.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Antibacterial drugs for systemic use.

Amphenicols

Code ATCJ01BA01

Drug interactions

Levomycetin should not be prescribed in conjunction with drugs that inhibit hematopoiesis (sulfonamides, pyrazolone derivatives, cytostatics), as well as with radiation therapy.

Release form and packaging

10 tablets in a blister pack made of polyvinyl chloride film and aluminum foil.

Contour blister packs are placed in boxes made of boxed or corrugated cardboard. Instructions for medical use in the state and Russian languages are included in the group packaging according to the number of packages.

Storage conditions

Store in a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 300C.

Keep out of the reach of children!

Shelf life

5 years

After the expiration date, do not use the drug.

, KAZAKHSTAN,

Shymkent, st. Rashidova, w/n, t/f: 561342

Indications

According to the instructions for use, "Levomycetin" is used in the presence of the following diseases:

Yersiniosis (acute intestinal disease, which is accompanied by allergic manifestations).
Salmonellosis (an infectious intestinal disease caused by pathogens of the Salmonella genus).
Paratyphoid fever (an acute infectious disease that occurs similar to typhoid fever).
Tularemia (damage to the lymph nodes and skin, and in some cases to the mucous membranes of the pharynx, eyes and lungs, in addition, it is also distinguished by the symptoms of general intoxication).
Rickettsial diseases (diseases of transmissible etiology, the causative agent of which is rickettsia).
Brucellosis (a zoonotic infection transmitted from sick animals to humans, characterized by multiple lesions of organs and systems of the human body).
Typhoid fever (acute cyclical intestinal anthroponotic infection caused by Salmonella bacteria).
Meningitis (infectious inflammatory disease of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain).
Chlamydia (an infectious sexually transmitted disease caused by chlamydia).

"Levomycetin" is used when the effectiveness of other chemotherapeutic agents is low. In ophthalmology, the drug is used for the treatment and prevention of infectious eye diseases:

Instructions for use

Levomycetin tablets for diarrhea should be taken thirty minutes before the start of a meal. As a rule, the doctor prescribes treatment in the following dosages:

Adults need to take one or two (0.25 grams) tablets three to four times a day, with a maximum dose of no more than two grams per day. For severe illnesses, the medication can be increased to four grams, carefully monitoring the functioning of the kidneys and liver.
In children, a single dosage of "Levomycetin" in tablets is calculated based on the child's body weight - children under three years old need to take 10-15 milligrams per kilogram of weight, children from three to eight years old need from 0.15 to 2 grams of the drug. The dosage of the medication for adolescents is from 0.2 to 0.3 milligrams per kilogram of weight. A single dose of Levomycetin can be taken by children three to four times a day, depending on the course of the disease.
The duration of the course is no more than ten days. In exceptional situations, if the medication is well tolerated, the duration of treatment is two weeks.

A solution prepared from Levomycetin powder is used for intravenous and intramuscular administration. Children are prescribed only intramuscular injections. As a rule, the contents of the bottle are dissolved in two to three milliliters of water. For diabetes mellitus, for intravenous jet injection, the powder is dissolved in 10 milliliters of water. The procedures are carried out at certain time intervals. The duration of treatment and dosage are prescribed by the doctor.

Adults are most often prescribed injections two to three times a day in a dosage of 500 to 1000 milligrams of Levomycetin; in case of severe illnesses, the dose of the medicine is doubled, but not more than 4000 milligrams.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

The antimicrobial effect of the drug is based on its ability to inhibit protein synthesis in the microbial cell.

Chloramphenicol does not disrupt the formation of amino acids, but stops the formation of a polypeptide chain from them. This occurs due to the inhibition of enzymes that catalyze the formation of peptide bonds in the ribosomal protein synthesis system.

Levomycetin stops the reproduction and destroys most pathogenic microorganisms: meningococci, gonococci, streptococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli, salmonella, spirochetes, etc. The drug has a detrimental effect on large viruses. It has a weak effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acid-fast bacteria, protozoa, and clostridia.

When used internally (tablets and capsules), the main component is quickly and almost completely (90%) absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. Its maximum content in the bloodstream is achieved after 1 – 3 hours.

The therapeutic effect lasts about 5 hours. Binds to blood plasma by 50–60%, and in newborns by 32%. The components can penetrate the placenta and the BBB (blood-brain barrier) and are excreted in breast milk.

The highest content of the main component Levomycetin when taking tablets is in the liver and kidneys. For example, bile contains about 30% of the dose received. The maximum concentration of the main substance in the cerebrospinal fluid is observed 4 - 5 hours after administration and reaches 21 - 89% (depending on the state of the meninges - non-inflamed or inflamed).

About 90% of the components of the tablets are processed by the liver. In the intestine, chloramphenicol is hydrolyzed by intestinal bacteria, resulting in the formation of inactive metabolites.

Levomycetin tablets are excreted from the body throughout the day. About 90% of the drug is found in urine, only 1–3% in feces.

The concentration of the main component is halved in adults after 1.5 - 3.5 hours, in case of impaired renal function - after 3 - 11 hours. The half-life in children under 16 years of age is from 3 to 6.5 hours, in newborns up to 2 days – from 24 hours, and in infants from 10 to 16 days after birth – 10 hours.

How do Levomycetin drops work? When drops are instilled into the eyes, the active substance is found in the cornea, aqueous humor, iris, and vitreous body. The active component of eye drops is absent in the lens.

Levomycetin ointment acts locally, a small part of the drug penetrates the mucous membranes. The therapeutic effect is observed within 20 – 24 hours.

Levomycetin alcohol solution penetrates poorly through the skin and mucous membranes. The intensity of the antimicrobial action depends on the area of the affected area and the amount of pus. The therapeutic effect lasts from 6 to 12 hours, then the product is applied again.

Levomycetin eye drops

The instructions for use indicate that in ophthalmology the drug is used by instilling a couple of drops of a five percent solution of Levomycetin into the lower eyelid three to five times a day. The duration of therapy ranges from five to fifteen days. The drops are a local antibiotic and are used for infectious or bacterial eye diseases.

The medicine should not be used if you have eczema, psoriasis, skin ulcers, pustular rashes, or kidney failure. It is also forbidden to give drops to children under four months, during breastfeeding, pregnancy, and people undergoing chemotherapy.

According to reviews, "Levomycetin" can cause a short-term loss of vision clarity. In this case, it is not recommended to carry out work that requires increased attention.

Important! Do not use the drug after the expiration date.

How long do chloramphenicol drops last after opening?

Download file - How long do chloramphenicol drops last after opening?

Antibacterial agents are widely used by ophthalmologists and pediatricians to treat infectious diseases. According to patient reviews, the use of the drug Levomycetin, eye drops with an antimicrobial effect, effectively helps in the fight against conjunctivitis and other eye lesions in children and adults. Before taking the medicine, you must read the leaflet, which provides a detailed description of the composition, properties, and dosage of the medicine. The drug is a local antibiotic used in therapy against inflammatory processes of a bacterial nature. Levomycetin solution for the eyes is prescribed for infections that manifest themselves in the conjunctiva or cornea. Ophthalmologists successfully treat inflammation of the deep structures of the eyeball with it. A feature of the medication is the body’s slow adaptation to its components. The active ingredient in chloramphenicol eye drops is chloramphenicol. There are 2.5 mg of this element per 1 ml of liquid. The auxiliary ingredients are boric acid and distilled water. The standard form of release of the drug is a plastic or glass bottle of 5 or 10 ml with a convenient dropper. Levomycetin is stored in a dry, dark place at a temperature not exceeding 15 degrees Celsius. The shelf life of a closed bottle is 2 years; after opening, the medicine can be used for no more than 1 month. Eye drops with Levomycetin have long been used in medicine as a way to quickly and safely get rid of pathogenic microorganisms. The wide range of the drug is explained by the ability of chloramphenicol to interfere with the synthesis of proteins of eye microbes. The active element successfully fights gram-positive cocci and some gram-negative pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella, klebsiella, hemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and spirochete. A pronounced bacteriostatic effect helps treat inflammation of the cornea. If the ophthalmologist prescribed Levomycetin, the eye drops will immediately begin to affect the microflora of the eye. The mixture is destructive for strains that are not afraid of penicillin, streptomycin, and sulfonamide. However, the antibiotic is not capable of fighting viruses, fungal pathogens, acid-fast bacteria and protozoa. After instillation of the eye drug Levomycetin, a high concentration of components is observed in the cornea and vitreous body. Penetration of the substance into the lens does not occur. The classic regimen for using an ophthalmic antimicrobial agent involves instilling one drop into each conjunctival sac once a day. Levomycetin drops are recommended by doctors for the treatment of common eye infections. The drug has a positive effect on the course of the disease when other medical treatments are powerless. The main indications for taking a chloramphenicol-based antibiotic are:. In each specific case of illness, the doctor determines an individual dosage corresponding to the patient’s age and the severity of the disease. According to the instructions, the eye solution is instilled 1 drop into each eye once daily. Levomycetin drops for the eyes of a child can be applied starting from 4 years of age. In case of severe inflammation, it is allowed to use the medicine once a day, and if the condition improves, you should switch to taking it three times a day until complete recovery. The therapeutic course should not exceed 2 weeks. Levomycetin in the eyes is easily tolerated by patients and causes almost no negative consequences. If you use cytostatics, sulfonamides or undergo radiation therapy simultaneously with this antibacterial component, the following side effects will appear: Doctors do not recommend exceeding the prescribed dosage of the drug and using eye fluid for more than 14 days in a row, as there is a risk of developing severe diseases of the circulatory system. Possible pathologies include: After introducing drops into the eye canals, vision may decrease for some time, so during the treatment period it is better not to drive and avoid activities that require concentration. The occurrence of a secondary fungal infection is also a side effect. Children from Levomycetin may experience the following symptoms:. Due to the toxicity of the components of Levomycetin, an overdose of the substance should not be allowed. This may negatively affect the patient's health. Use together with Levomycetin of drugs that inhibit the process of hematopoiesis Erythromycin, Phenobarbital, Lincomycin, etc. Eye drops are not used during radiation therapy. A decrease in the activity of the main component can be caused by simultaneous use with Penicillin and Cephalosporin. Levomycetin is not prescribed independently without prior consultation with a pediatrician or ophthalmologist. This is due to the presence of contraindications to the use of the drug. People whose work involves operating equipment should use the medicine with caution. Doctors identify a number of conditions that prohibit the use of drops: The high cost of antimicrobial agents forces patients to purchase more affordable medications. In search of an answer to the question: In Moscow pharmacies the following pricing policy has been established for chloramphenicol drops: Experts identify a number of drugs that have similar properties. Sexual life with prostate adenoma. Cooking Beauty Health Other tips Animals Handicrafts Garden and vegetable garden Home and life Computers Feedback Site map. Eye drops, plastic bottle 10 ml.

LEVOMYCETIN

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How to use eye drops correctly?

"Levomycetin" is recommended to be used only after a doctor's prescription. As a rule, one to three drops are instilled into the inflamed eye every hour, then every three to four hours.

For prophylaxis, the drug is used two or three times a day.

If the patient drips the medicine himself (without the presence of a doctor), then therapy is allowed for only three days.

For patients who wear contact lenses, it is recommended to remove them before instillation. You can put on lenses thirty minutes after the procedure. A doctor's consultation is required.

Peculiarities

According to the instructions for using Levomycetin for the eyes, when instilling you must adhere to several rules:

Check the expiration date.
Wash your hands well.
Warm the bottle of medicine in your palms.
Shake the bottle. If you have a dispenser or pipette, you need to pull back the lower eyelid, tilt your head back and press the bottle.
After the solution gets in, you need to hold the inner corner of your eye with your finger so that the liquid does not leak out.
If, after instilling Levomycetin, a sharp pain or burning sensation occurs that does not go away within two minutes, then you need to rinse the eye with water and consult an ophthalmologist.

Complications in children

The instructions for use for Levomycetin eye drops say that the drug can be used from four months of life, but the doctor can prescribe the medicine at an earlier age if it is not possible to eliminate the infection in other ways. In this case, a minimum dosage is established; increasing the dose may lead to disruption of protein production in the child’s body. Therapy occurs under the supervision of a doctor.

It is important to monitor the general condition of the child after administering the drops. Excessive sensitivity of a child's body can cause “gray syndrome”. This condition is characterized by respiratory failure, decreased body temperature, and a gray appearance of the skin. Afterwards, general poisoning occurs, causing a malfunction of the cardiovascular system.

The following complications may occur in babies:

vomit;
nausea;
diarrhea;
decrease in hemoglobin.

Side effects

Like most other drugs, Levomycetin has a number of undesirable reactions:

Thrombocytopenia (a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of platelets, which is accompanied by increased bleeding of wounds and problems with stopping bleeding).
Leukopenia (pathological condition associated with impaired hematopoiesis).
Reticulocytopenia (a decrease in the number or absence of reticulocytes (reticulocytopenia) is observed in anemia caused by a deficiency of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid).
Allergic reactions.
A dystrophic process accompanied by the separation of water in early erythrocyte forms.
Decreased blood hemoglobin levels.
Nausea.
Periodic vomiting.
Flatulence.
Optic neuritis.
Inflammatory damage to peripheral nerves.
Headache.
Insomnia.

The presence of undesirable reactions is the basis for dose adjustment.

As a rule, these side effects are reversible and disappear immediately after stopping the medication. In addition, according to the instructions and reviews, Levomycetin can cause the following negative reactions of the body to the active substance:

clouding of consciousness;
deterioration of hearing and vision clarity;
motor disorders;
peduncular hallucinosis (visual and auditory hallucinations);
vomiting;
nausea;
diarrhea.

The use of drops in infants can cause cardiovascular collapse (a serious complication that usually ends in death).

Side effects

What side effects can Levomycetin cause? The instructions describe that in some cases Levomycetin can cause the following negative reactions:

digestive disorders: burning behind the sternum, belching, flatulence, rumbling in the stomach, diarrhea, vomiting, irritation of the oral mucosa, disruption of the natural bacterial flora of the intestine;
an abnormal decrease in reticulocytes (immature red blood cells), leukocytes, granulocytes, platelets, red blood cells in the blood, in rare cases, hypoplastic anemia develops (suppression of the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow), agranulocytosis (decreased number of leukocytes);
psychomotor disturbances (tics, stupor, tremor, etc.), depression, blackouts, inflammation of peripheral nerves (decreased sensitivity, paresis, paralysis), optic neuritis, hallucinations, weakened hearing and vision, headache;
allergic rash, redness, local swelling, nettle fever, Quincke's edema.

Other negative reactions include mycosis (fungal infection) based on a primary infection, collapse (sudden functional failure of the cardiovascular system, loss of consciousness, threat of death) in infants under 1 year of age. Also, after internal use, irritation of the penis and dysbiosis (disturbance of the normal microflora) of the vagina are possible. The list of possible negative reactions after taking Levomycetin is supplemented by paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (a shock-like state to certain antibiotics).

When using eye drops, the following negative reactions may occur:

decreased visual acuity;
severe pain in the eyes;
fear of bright light;
rash on the face and/or head;
corneal clouding;
sensation of a foreign body in the eye.

In such cases, it is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist, the doctor will advise how to proceed further, and may prescribe other drops.

Before using eye drops, you should inform your doctor about the following conditions:

conjunctivitis;
glaucoma;
kratoconjunctivitis (sicca keratitis);
eye surgery or laser therapy performed within the last 6 months;
use of contact lenses.

One more point should be taken into account before using Levomycetin drops. The instructions for use indicate that the use of contact lenses is prohibited during their use. They can be put on only 1 – 2 days after the end of the course of therapy.

If adverse reactions occur after using any dosage form of Levomycetin, you should consult your doctor.