Composition and properties
Bleach is a white, powdery substance. It is sold in bags or packages weighing from one kilogram to thirty. It contains active chlorine, which, when combined with water, dissolves to form lime. This substance is quite persistent and does not lose its properties throughout the year.
In addition, chloramine, which is made from toluene and benzene, is also used for disinfection. This gray-yellow powder contains 26.6% chlorine.
Rules for whitewashing ceilings and walls
Lime is a cheap and until recently popular material for painting walls. Production facilities and warehouses look bright and tidy with white walls.
A properly prepared solution, when drying on the surface, forms a layer that does not allow the powder to crumble.
Lime treatment of walls is done in a damp room. To protect against parasites in the spring, tree trunks are whitened with garden lime.
Working with lime is dirty, the liquid solution creates smudges and splashes. You can find a professional for this task, but it is also possible to do the work yourself.
Before whitewashing the walls, you need to protect the furniture and floor from white splashes. These insidious stains are then difficult to wash off with water.
The painter must wear protective clothing and a hat. It would also be nice to put plastic glasses on your eyes.
When dry powder material and plain water are mixed, a certain chemical reaction is created, which in turn releases a large amount of heat.
It doesn’t matter at all where the process of mixing the powder with water is carried out. At a factory or at a summer cottage, all work must be done in a special protective suit and gloves.
Whitewash in suit and gloves
Professionals recommend mixing materials in containers that are free from rust; it is best to choose a plastic container.
If you have a large volume, then it is better to take a large metal barrel. The work process is a simple manipulation that needs to be taken seriously.
Next, pour cold water into the powder. It is best to add water not immediately, but in small portions and be sure to stir.
Preparation of the solution
The ideal situation is to leave the prepared lime to stand for a couple of hours, it is best to leave it alone for a couple of days.
If you are whitewashing the house, it is better to prepare the mixture in advance. The whitewashing process itself will cause nothing complicated. Just prepare the solution in advance. To make lime white, it is best to take first or second grade material and mix it with water in one to one proportions.
We invite you to familiarize yourself with the diameter of the chimney for the stove: how to calculate, features
Before you start applying whitewash to the walls, you need to mix the solution thoroughly. Here's about plastering walls for wallpaper. Using a large brush, begin to coat the walls and ceiling.
As practice has shown, one layer is not enough, so whitewash can be applied in several layers. The process of whitewashing trees is essentially no different from whitewashing walls. Here about MDF for walls. Same solution, same brush. Speaking of treating plants, the solution needs to be sprayed over the entire area of the plants.
The use of quicklime is extremely wide. Dry matter is added to cement mortars for rapid hardening and imparting the necessary plasticity. Lime is used for whitewashing walls and ceilings. This method is still very relevant due to its good decorative effect and the most affordable cost. The ease of application and environmental friendliness of the solution will be a big advantage.
You can find out what the composition of cement mortar for plaster is from this article.
Preliminary preparation
As a rule, bleach is used by healthcare workers to disinfect premises. Before preparing a stock solution of bleach, according to safety precautions, a person must have gloves on their hands, and a respirator and goggles on their face. Moreover, latex gloves are absolutely not suitable. The best material would be dense rubber. The worker also wears a protective apron. After finishing work, he removes all protective equipment and washes his hands thoroughly.
How and where is lime used?
Each of us has come across such a material as slaked lime. Its scope of application is so diverse that it can even be found during the preparation of some dishes. But this is a rarer option.
Most often we encounter it at the dacha, at a construction site. Here we are talking not only about large construction projects, but also in private construction projects.
Application in construction
Slaked lime is used in construction in the following cases:
The most common and well-known case is whitewashing walls and ceilings. Here about MDF for the ceiling;
Whitewashing walls and ceilings
- Lime can also be used to protect wooden buildings from fire and from rotting. To do this, it is enough to simply treat the object itself with diluted lime;
- slaked lime is used for connecting cement mortars. Here are the proportions of cement-lime mortar for plaster;
Connecting solution
It can also be found when preparing silicate concrete. Here is the cement consumption per 1 cubic meter of concrete;
Silicate concrete
This material is also used when installing the furnace, namely when laying its internal part. Here about the mortar for plastering the stove.
You need to understand that lime must be prepared according to a specific recipe.
Can it be used and how is it used in gardening and gardening?
Slaked lime has found its application in gardening:
lime takes part in the production of fertilizer, which is used in gardening and gardening;
Fertilizer
garden A special solution is made from this material, which is used to whiten the beds in order to protect the plant from various kinds of diseases, as well as to protect the beds from parasites;
Sadovaya
for whitewashing trees. This procedure not only guarantees protection for the tree bark, but also gives them a beautiful appearance.
Whitewashing trees
But this is not all where such material can be used. It can be used:
- in the process of tanning leather;
- lime is also added to connecting systems to clean waste pipes;
- It is interesting that lime is added to the production process of E 526, which in turn is used in the food industry;
- You can even find this material in dentistry. It has found its application in the simple disinfection of canals in the roots of teeth (canals).
Quite a lot of industries and spheres of human activity use it only in slaked form, but again, in order to get the desired result, it is necessary to distribute lime in the correct proportion.
Lime is also used in the process of disinfecting garden tools. The process is carried out only by fresh slaking of the material. The process is simple - the material is neutralized in a one to one ratio, after which it is allowed to dry, after which lime milk is prepared.
Read the material about bleach for disinfection.
Material preparation scheme:
- one kilogram of lime is one liter of water;
- let the material cool and dry;
- add more liters of water.
For more information about using lime, watch the video:
Cooking procedure
Usually they act as follows. Before preparing the mother solution, prepare a special enamel container in which the powder will be diluted. To work, you will need a wooden spatula to stir the solution. For one kilogram of dry powder, take ten liters of clean water, which is poured into a container. Next, carefully pour out the powder and stir with a stick or spatula. After the powder has completely dissolved, the solution is left to infuse for 24 hours. As a rule, it is stirred at least two or three more times immediately after cooking.
After the required period has expired, the prepared solution is poured into a pre-prepared glass jar for further storage. A sheet with the date of preparation of the solution, the signature of the responsible medical worker who prepared the bleach, as well as the percentage of the components must be glued to the container. It should be borne in mind that the prepared composition is stored for no more than ten days.
The chloramine solution is prepared in just one step. For one liter of liquid you will need no more than fifty grams of powder. Stir it with a wooden spoon until completely dissolved. Next, the container is covered with a lid and labeled. Use the composition immediately after preparation.
Solutions of bleach at 5, 3, and 1% should be prepared immediately before use. To do this, simply add some water to the mother liquor. Even in the absence of a table, it is very easy to calculate the ratio of components. For example, to prepare three liters of a one percent composition you will need only three hundred milliliters of solution and 2700 g of water.
Lime bleach
Bleached lime is produced by chlorinating fluff in a fluidized bed. It is used for degassing, disinfection, bleaching of drinking water and disinfection. There are two varieties and is a powder (maybe with lumps) of white or lightly colored.
The varieties differ in the proportion of active chlorine and in the coefficient of thermal stability. Small packages for retail sales have different shelf life and it depends on the variety: the first variety has a shelf life of 3 years, and the second - 2 years.
Small-packaged bleach should be stored in sealed containers, protected from moisture and sunlight. The original packaging must be marked indicating that it is a caustic substance.
It can be packed in polyethylene or propylene bags, in steel drums with polyethylene liners. In retail, these are usually packages of a certain strength weighing 500 g, 1200 g and 1500 g. The packaging can be sealed, tied with chlorine-resistant twine or a metal ring. This substance is supplied to the Far North in wooden barrels.
Safety requirements
Based on the severity of the impact on the body when ingested, bleach is classified as a moderately hazardous substance of the third class, and the chlorine released from it is classified as a second class substance.
Under the influence of air, heat, moisture, light, bleach breaks down, releasing chlorine and oxygen. It is a strong oxidizing agent, and chlorine dust can cause irritation of mucous membranes.
When working with it, you need to protect your respiratory organs and eyes with special protective equipment - a filter gas mask or a respirator. If the substance does get on the mucous membranes, you need to rinse them with running water for 15-20 minutes. If it gets into the stomach, it is recommended to drink vegetable oil and water in sips and immediately seek medical help.
The premises in which this substance is stored must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation.
Bleach itself is not a flammable substance, but if it gets on other materials it can intensify their combustion, so its compatibility with other materials should be taken into account during storage and transportation.
During decomposition, self-heating of bleach may occur; in this case, measures must be taken to disperse its reserves.
Chloride of lime intended for domestic use is disposed of as household waste; on a production scale, it must be disposed of at special licensed enterprises.
Purpose of the compositions
Bleach can be used in dry form to treat urine stains, stool stains, as well as sputum and vomit. The stains are simply sprinkled on top with dry powder in a ratio of about one hundred grams per half a kilogram of discharge and left in this form for fifty minutes.
A stock solution of 0.5, 1 and 2% bleach is used to disinfect objects and premises, and a more concentrated solution will be needed to treat the toilet and trash can.
Lime slaking rules and safety precautions
Dehydration is the process of slaking lime. Before you start working with lime, be sure to take all safety precautions:
- your clothes should be tight, work in gloves, a respirator, and safety glasses;
- Extinguishing must be done exclusively in a metal container;
- if extinguishing is carried out indoors, ensure good ventilation;
- If lime gets into your eyes or skin, you should rinse the affected area with a weak vinegar solution or plenty of water, and then consult a doctor.
Dehydration is carried out in an open space. According to the speed of extinction they are distinguished:
- quick-quenching lime - up to 8 minutes;
- medium-slaking lime - up to 25 minutes;
- slow slaking lime - more than 25 minutes.
The slaking process involves adding water to quicklime. Adding water should be done slowly so as not to reduce the temperature, because During the extinguishing process, heat is released.
Lime must be stored under certain conditions. Prepare a pit for storage, sprinkle the solution on top with a 20 cm layer of sand (if storage is expected in frost, then a 50-70 cm layer of earth can be added on top of the sand). Fence the pit for the safety of people and animals.
Component ratio
In order to prepare a 5% chlorine solution, you will need five liters of clean water and a 10% clarified mother solution. For a 3% composition, seven liters of liquid are required, for 2% - 8 liters, and in order to prepare a 1% solution - at least nine liters of water. Accordingly, if concentration is required in a 0.1% solution - 9.9 liters of water, for 0.2% - 9.8, and for 0.5% - 9.5 liters of liquid.
These working compositions are obtained from a mother liquor of bleach. If chloramine is used as the starting material, then the concentration of substances will be as follows: for a 4% solution you will need half a kilogram of powder per ten liters of water, for 3% - three hundred grams and 2% - two hundred. Accordingly, to prepare a mother solution at a concentration of 0.2% you will need 20 g of powder, 0.5% - 50 g and 1% - one hundred grams.
Next, in order to make the solution necessary for processing from this composition, you will need a separate container and clean water. To prepare 4% chloramine you will need fifty grams of the composition per 950 ml of water, and for 1% - ten grams. Accordingly, 0.2% is two grams.
How to slak lime: tips and tools
When quicklime reacts with a small amount of water, lime paste is obtained, to which sand and other materials are added. The resulting substance is used in construction to hold bricks together as a binder.
If the mass is diluted with a large amount of water, you get a lime suspension or milk of lime. In agriculture, the suspension is used to treat the bark of fruit trees against sunburn and to destroy the embryos of parasitic organisms that cause diseases. The solution mixed with other substances is also sprayed on fruit trees and shrubs, and whitewashed borders and building walls.
To extinguish lime, do not forget about safety precautions and follow these tips:
- During slaking, lime releases heat. To prevent the container from melting, use enamel cookware.
- The fumes released are toxic to the body and can also cause atrophy of the respiratory tract, so wear a respirator.
- When slaking lime, an ebullient reaction occurs, accompanied by splashing of the substance. To avoid burns, use goggles, rubber gloves and work clothes that cover exposed areas of the body.
- Suppress lime outdoors. If there are windows in the room, open them to create conditions for ventilation.
- During the procedure, stay away from the container until steaming ends.
- When preparing the substance, use a wooden spatula.
Photo: pixabay.com
The method of extinguishing depends on the purpose of use.
Whitewashing the walls.
During this procedure, lime paste is used. It is obtained by mixing lump lime with tap water.
The solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:4. Water is added in small, even portions. After the rapid boiling stops, the substance should be stirred well and filtered. After 1 hour, the solution should be left in a dark room for 1–2 weeks.
Whitewashing of trees.
To whiten trees, a lime slurry is prepared. For this purpose, lime dough is diluted with water. For 1 kg of lime take 10 liters of water. The solution is used immediately.
Photo: pixabay.com
When slaking lime, the following tools are used:
- enamel container;
- wooden spatula;
- bucket or watering can for water.
Make sure that during the extinguishing process there are no lumps left and the substance of the ball is homogeneous. You can use a sprayer to treat walls, trees, and shrubs. In this case, do not forget to wear a respirator.
What is it used for?
The finished stock solution will be used depending on its concentration. For example, a 0.5% working composition made from 0.5 liters of clarified master bleach is used for disinfection in somatic departments. A 1% composition disinfects against pathogens of intestinal diseases. In order to treat hepatitis, you will need a 3% solution, and for tuberculosis - 5%.
